Homebush, New South Wales

Homebush is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located 12 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the Municipality of Strathfield.

The name of the suburb derives ultimately from an estate to the north, called "Home Bush" and owned by colonial surgeon D'Arcy Wentworth. The historic railway station named after the estate was briefly the early terminus of the Great Western Line in 1855. The historic Village of Homebush estate, south of the railway, was developed in 1878 and survives largely intact. It became part of Strathfield Municipality along with the suburbs of Redmyre and Druitt Town in 1885. North Homebush, north of the railway, experienced industrial and residential development in the early 20th century and was a separate municipality. The modern suburb was formed when a small part of Strathfield, immediately south of Homebush railway station, was combined with the eastern part of former Homebush municipality in 1947. In the early 21st century, North Homebush has experienced significant population growth due to high density residential developments.

The village and later suburb of "Homebush" was named after the railway station built in 1855, which in turn was named after the separate "Home Bush Estate" further north. Homebush West is another separate suburb to the west, also known as "Flemington". Also taking its name from the Home Bush Estate is Homebush Bay (early known as The Flats), a major inlet on the southern side of the Parramatta River to the north west of the Home Bush Estate. Most of the former "Home Bush Estate" was later a separate suburb of former Auburn Council named "North Lidcombe",Dictionary of Sydney - Homebush Bay
/ref> and (from 1989) "Homebush Bay", most of which became in 2009 the suburb of Olympic Park in the City of Parramatta, and a smaller part became the suburb of Wentworth Point.

History

The first name of settlement in the Concord Plains area was "Liberty Plains". This was a group of grants given to the Colony's first free settlers, who came on the ship "Bellona", in 1793. Most of the original settlers soon departed for agriculturally more attractive places, like the Hawkesbury. One of them, Edward Powell, later returned and established there the Half Way House Inn, on Parramatta Road just west of the creek that now bears his name. The Parish of Liberty Plains remains one of the 57 parishes of Cumberland County, New South Wales (the parish is a cadastral unit for use on land titles). That parish covers the suburb of Homebush West (Flemington), but not the suburb of Homebush, which is instead in the Parish of Concord.

When the Great Western Railway line came through there, with a station just behind Powell's Inn, the station borrowed the name "Homebush" from the nearest large estate, that of the "Home Bush Estate", owned by the Colony's then-assistant surgeon, D'Arcy Wentworth. It is commonly thought that this property and house with the name of "Home Bush" was established and named by D'Arcy Wentworth. Historian Michael Jones who had been commissioned by Stathfield Council to write the history of that municipality wrote: "Wentworth is popularly credited with having called the area after his 'home in the bush', although Homebush is also a place in Kent".Jones, Michael (1985). ''Oasis in the West: Strathfield's first hundred years.'' North Sydney: Allen & Unwin Australia. (page 15) However, according to local historian David Patrick it was not D'Arcy Wentworth who named "Home Bush" but an earlier grantee on the land – that being the military figure Thomas Laycock. It would appear that after Laycock became mentally ill, following his direct involvement in suppressing the Castle Hill convict rebellion, D'Arcy Wentworth became his doctor. It has been reputed that D'Arcy Wentworth either bought the Laycock Home Bush Farm from Laycock or, more fancifully, won the property in an unfair game of cards from the ailing Laycock. Wentworth retained Thomas Laycock's name of the property and added to its extent. Laycock had been granted 40 hectares in 1794 and increased this to by 1803 and named it "Home Bush". A notice that Laycock placed in the newspapers about his property "Home Bush" is from before when Wentworth acquired the land from him. Later on, Wentworth acquired more land there himself and the estate had grown to by 1811. However, the "Home Bush Estate" had only minor overlaps with the present suburb: most of Wentworth's Home Bush Estate (later a race course and paddocks) is located in present-day Olympic Park and Homebush West (Flemington), while the village and later suburb of Homebush was subdivided from Powell's estate, a separate grant to the south.

Powell's grant, enlarged in his lifetime, passed eventually to his son-in-law James Underwood in 1823. It was from the "Underwood Estate" that the "Village of Homebush", located south of the railway and west of Powell's Creek, was subdivided in 1878 for residential development, with a small village "high street" forming on Rochester Street adjacent to the railway station. An extended area to the south followed the oblique street pattern of Coventry Road (part of which was renamed Mackenzie Street in 1918) and Beresford Road, such as Albert Road and Oxford Road. The suburb of "Homebush" thus included the northern and central part of today's suburb of Strathfield, bounded by Homebush Road in the east. Near its southern extremity, Bushy Hill Street Estate, Homebush was subdivided in 1880. This estate included the south side of Redmyre Road, Florence Street and Bushy Hill Street (now Albyn Road), to the west of Homebush Road.

The then-suburb of Homebush (consisting of the part of today's Homebush and Strathfield south of railway and west of Homebush Road), together with the northern part of Druitt Town (which lay to its south), and the western part of Redmyre (east of Homebush Road) became part of Strathfield Municipality in 1885, after which directories listed houses in all three areas as being in "Strathfield".

After 1885, "Homebush" usually referred to the unincorporated part of the Underwood and Wentworth estates located north of the railway. This area remained underdeveloped for many years, and when "Homebush Municipality" was established over this area (Homebush North) in 1906, there were only 90 houses and 548 residents in the municipality. The incorporation of Homebush North and the development of primary and secondary industry nearby led to rapid development in that area. In 1925, the opening of the Homebush Theatre (later a cinema, now disused) on Parramatta Road spurred development of a commercial area along that road, but this area fell into decline in the late 20th century.

Homebush Municipality merged into Strathfield Municipality in 1947. The northern part of Homebush South was merged with part of the area covered by Homebush Municipality to create the modern suburb of Homebush.

Description

Homebush is made up of a number of areas that were developed at different times. The modern suburb is bounded roughly by Saleyards Creek in the west and Powells Creek in the north and east. In the northwest, since 1992 it has been divided from the suburb of Sydney Olympic Park in the City of Parramatta by the A3 arterial road; prior to that, the northwest boundary was Boundary Creek. In the south, it is divided from the suburb of Strathfield by an irregular boundary roughly following the local artery road formed by Arthur Street, Broughton Road and Beresford Road, but which brings all of the properties facing that road within the boundaries of the suburb of Strathfield. This irregular boundary was established in 1947, when north Homebush became part of Strathfield Municipality, and the Homebush village centre was carved out of the suburb of Strathfield to be combined with north Homebush to form the modern suburb. The southern part of the historical suburb of Homebush (between Broughton Road and Albyn Road) is now part of the suburb of Strathfield. The area to the north of the railway that formed the historical Municipality of Homebush is now in the suburbs of Homebush and Homebush West (Flemington). Small strips to the northwest and northeast are in Sydney Olympic Park and North Strathfield respectively.

Homebush South (Homebush Village)

Homebush South, also called Homebush Village, is a locality comprising the part of the suburb of Homebush to the south of the railway. Homebush South has a population of 2,806 and a population density of 4,306 people per square kilometre.

Homebush South consists of the bulk of the Village of Homebush estate which was first subdivided in 1878. This development was subdivided from the larger Underwood Estate, and is today split between the suburbs of Homebush and Strathfield. The land had boundaries of The Crescent, Homebush, Beresford, Coventry and Bridge Roads. Homebush Village became part of Strathfield Municipality, proclaimed in 1886. Within the estate, Broughton, Abbotsford and Burlington Roads and Rochester and Meredith Streets were also gazetted. In the December of that year, 381 house blocks were auctioned. By the end of the century, many large houses and substantial villas had been built. In the 20th-century house construction continued and most blocks had been built on by the end of the 1920s. Due to boundary changes after North Homebush was incorporated into Strathfield in 1947, the historic "Village of Homebush" estate is today partly in Homebush South and partly in the suburb of Strathfield.

The western boundary of Homebush South is Saleyards Creek, which flows through Airey Park and divides Homebush South from Flemington village, in the suburb of Homebush West. The creek also serves as the boundary between the cadastral units (used for land title purposes) of the Parish of Concord (to the east, including Homebush) and the Parish of Liberty Plains (to the west, including Flemington).

The Homebush Village centre lies on a section of Rochester Street close to the railway, which forms the "high street" of the village. The commercial buildings along the village high street are largely preserved from the 19th century and are protected as a heritage conservation area. Today, the village centre is populated by numerous cafes and restaurants, as well as independent businesses such as a bakery, a flower shop, a newsagency, a butcher, a bank, a post office, a pharmacy, doctors' surgeries and grocery stores. These shops extend to The Crescent, opposite Homebush railway station.

While there are low-to-medium-rise apartment blocks around the village centre, most of Homebush South is made up of freestanding residences. Reflecting the age and well-preserved condition of these residential streets, significant parts of the former Village of Homebush are protected as heritage conservation areas, including almost the entirety of Abbotsford Road, which runs east-west across most of the Village, as well as parts of Meredith Street.

Because the southern part of the village of Homebush is now administratively part of the suburb of Strathfield, various sites previously identified with Homebush are no longer within the boundaries of the suburb. These include the Homebush War Memorial in Davey Square, at the southern tip of the village of Homebush.

Homebush Public School, opened in 1885, is in the village centre. Homebush Boys High School is located on the western edge of Homebush South. A girls' school, Strathfield Girls High School, is located nearby in Strathfield and also serves Homebush South. Strathfield's main library is located on Rochester Street in Homebush South. The Catholic Seminary of the Good Shepherd, a training institution for priests, is also located in Hommebush South.

Homebush South is connected to North Homebush via two road connections: Subway Lane, which passes under the railway line to the west of the station, and Bridge Road, which passes over the railway line further west.

Notable or heritage listed houses in the Village of Homebush estate

* Billesdon was built in 1915 for Stephen Rabone to a design by Rupert Minnett.
* Broughlea was built c. 1881 for Horatio Aylward, a solicitor in the firm of Aylward and Wild.
* Camden Lodge was built c. 1917 for Robert Trevethan.
* Dunkeld (now Edensor) was built in 1906 by pastoral agent and tennis player John Peate Duguid (1875–1961). The house was then owned by James Pearce (1857–1916), who was the proprietor of the Strathfield Flour Mills.
* Florenceville was built in the early 1880s by John Shiply.
* Hawthorn was built c. 1886 for Frederick William Binney to a design by Cyril and Arthur Blacket. Binney was Secretary of the Newcastle-Wallsend Coal Company and the Northern Collieries Association.
* Ingera (now Inglemere and trading as Darcy's Hotel) was built c. 1894 for William Norton.
* Rothsay was built c. 1884 for Samuel Thompson (1821–1910), who was a stockbroker.
* Wellbeck was built c. 1892 and its first owner was Albert Nicholson, a solicitor. Nicholson owned the house until 1900 when the house was purchased by the Mutual Life Association. The house became known as Warwick in 1902 when it was bought by public subscription for Emily Forrester (1842–1917), widow of William Forrester (1842–1901) who had owned Warwick Farm as a private racecourse before he died owning nothing. The Forrester Fund raised £1387 and its committee paid £800 for the Homebush house. Emily Forrester died at Warwick, Homebush, in 1917, and the name of the house reverted to being known as Wellbeck.

North Homebush

North Homebush, the part of Homebush north of the railway, is bisected by Parramatta Road and the M4 Western Motorway. It has a total population of 8,966, of which the vast majority (7,797 people) is concentrated in the area south of the M4 motorway and north of the railway.

The area was developed slightly later than Homebush South. Although Edward Powell's Half Way House Inn on Parramatta Road had been established early in the life of the colony, the rest of the area was largely used for grazing.
In the 1870s, stockyards (for the sale of livestock by auction) were erected adjacent to the station. In 1881, an attempt was made to subdivide the part of the former Home Bush Estate north of Parramatta Road, as the "Homebush Park Estate".City of Parramatta - Wentworth Point - A Brief History
/ref> However, this and subsequent subdivision proposals were not successful, and other than the lots adjacent to Parramatta Road, most of the land remained unsold and was sparsely populated.

When the NSW Government abattoirs were moved from Glebe to present-day Sydney Olympic Park, the stockyards were closed and replaced by Flemington stockyards, further west, in 1883. Hotels and other businesses were established in the area adjacent to the stockyards, servicing stockyard and abattoir workers.

The removal of the stockyards allowed development of North Homebush to begin, around the turn of the 20th century, with its own local government (the Municipality of Homebush) established in 1906. The area immediately around Parramatta Road became a busy commercial area, serving workers at factories located along Parramatta Road and further to the north, such as the Arnott's Biscuits factory and the EMI records factory, established in the early 20th century.Homebush North Shops
/ref> This area was centred on the intersection of Knight Street with Parramatta Road. In 1947, North Homebush became part of the Municipality of Strathfield.

With the decline of industry and the increase of traffic congestion along Parramatta Road after World War II, many of the shops formerly located in the North Homebush commercial area are now shut or abandoned, similarly to other parts of Parramatta Road. Some remnants of the former commercial area remain, including the Horse and Jockey Hotel, a heritage-listed pub on the site of the original Half Way House Inn, as well as the imposing former Homebush Cinema, now abandoned. At least for the time being car sales yards continue to flourish along Parramatta Road but this main artery through North Homebush has now been re-zoned high density residential, with mid- and high-rise apartment blocks proliferating. The only commercial area along Parramatta Road which remains thriving is in the extreme west of this part of the suburb. It is part of Sydney Markets Plaza and serves the Sydney Markets at Flemington.

The construction of the M4 motorway in the 1970s led to the demolition of some of the fine houses of North Homebush, such as "Pomeroy House".

North of the M4 Western Motorway, the suburb boundaries extend further west to the western bank of Saleyards Creek. A large portion of this area is occupied by former industrial land, now redeveloped into parklands, office parks and the DFO Homebush shopping centre.

Other nearby commercial areas are the 'Bakehouse Quarter' in neighbouring North Strathfield and the Homebush Village centre in Homebush South.

As a postal town (for Australia Post purposes) the name "Homebush" refers only to North Homebush.

There are no schools in North Homebush, but the area is served partly by Homebush Public School and partly by North Strathfield Public School. It is also within the catchment areas of Homebush Boys High School and Strathfield Girls High School.

Heritage listings

Homebush has a number of heritage-listed sites. This includes the following state heritage listed site:
* Great Southern and Western railway: Homebush railway station.

Governance

Homebush (now Homebush South and part of Strathfield) was one of the three areas that formed the Strathfield Council when it was proclaimed in 1885, the other two being Redmyre and Druitt Town. The part of the modern suburb north of the railway remained unincorporated until Homebush Municipality was established in 1906. Homebush Municipality operated until 1947, when it was amalgamated with Strathfield Municipality.

Transport

Homebush railway station is serviced by all stations and limited stops services on the Inner West & Leppington Line of the Sydney Trains network.
Homebush South is also served by Strathfield railway station, located a short distance east of the suburb boundary, which provides express services on the North Shore & Western Line, Northern Line and Inner West & Leppington Line, as well as regional and intercity lines. North Homebush is also served by North Strathfield railway station, located a short distance east of the suburb boundary. North Strathfield is on the Northern Line of the Sydney Trains network. It will also be served by the future Sydney Metro West rapid transit line. Transit Systems buses also service the area.

Parramatta Road and the M4 Motorway are the main arterial roads passing through North Homebush. Underwood Road is a local arterial connecting Parramatta Road with Homebush Bay Drive. Homebush South is accessible from the south via the local arterial Homebush Road, and from the east and west via the local arterial formed by Beresford and Broughton Roads. There are two road connections between North Homebush and Homebush South: the Bridge Road overpass and the Subway Lane underpass.

Schools

*Homebush Public School, a government primary school, was established in 1885 on its present site between The Crescent, Rochester Street and Burlington Road. Brick buildings were originally built facing The Crescent in 1897 and Burlington Road in 1916.
* Homebush Boys High School was founded in 1936 and is a comprehensive public high school for boys. Formerly a selective high school until the 1970s, Homebush Boys was regarded as one of the academically best-performing comprehensive schools, and has, in the past, been ranked above selective schools on the Higher School Certificate results. The school has an enrolment of approximately 1200 students and the students and staff are from diverse backgrounds and many of them live outside the area.

Population

At the 2021 census, there were 11,660 in Homebush, a significant increase from the 7,007 residents in the 2016 census, reflecting the rapid increase in density in North Homebush. 27.9% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were India 19.7%, China 12.6%, South Korea 7.1%, Nepal 5.9% and Sri Lanka 2.7%%. The top responses for ancestry were Chinese (23.1%), Indian (16.5%), English (9.1%), Korean (8.6%) and Australian (6.9%). 25.3% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 13.8%, Korean 8.1%, Tamil 6.6%, Nepali 5.8% and Cantonese 5.6%. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 30.3%, Hinduism 25.1%, Catholic 14.8% and Buddhism 5.8%.

Residents

The following were either born or have lived at some time in the suburb of Homebush:

* Patricia Carlon, writer
* Ray Griggs, naval officer
* John Henry Carver, physicist
* Greg Haddrick, screenwriter
* May Hollinworth, theatre producer and director
* Billy Hughes, Prime Minister of Australia
* Sir Ronald Irish, tobacco magnate
* Thomas Keneally, writer, author of ''Homebush Boy: A Memoir'' (1995)
* Fenella Kernebone, arts presenter
* Richard Killen, politician
*Rosa Angela Kirkcaldie, hospital matron and army nurse
* Chris Lang, politician
*Evan Mander-Jones, educator and United Nations official
*Phyllis Mander-Jones, librarian
* Fred Shaw Mayer, zoologist
*James McGirr, Premier of New South Wales
* Charles Meredith, colonial politician in Tasmania
*Louisa Anne Meredith, writer and illustrator
* Michael Quinn, politician
* Warren R Rodwell, former soldier, university teacher, hostage survivor and lyricist
* Don Talbot, national swimming coach and sports administratorJones, C.
Broughlea 82 Abbotsford Rd homebush
''Strathfield Heritage''
* D'Arcy Wentworth, surgeon

Gallery

Image:Homebush shops.JPG, Shops, The Crescent
Image:Homebush_Post_Office.JPG, Former Homebush Post Office, The Crescent

References

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Homebush, New South Wales
Suburbs of Sydney
Municipality of Strathfield